科学

科研思维与论文写作之”5C”原则

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点击下载:Notes for research design and paper writing

作者:黄合来

【核心提示】本文提出科研思维和论文写作的五大原则,包括评判性(critical)、一致性(consistent)、简洁性(concise)、清晰性(clear)和完整性(complete),以期为年轻学者和在读博士生的科研思维训练和规范提供参考。

【前言】

科学研究可以笼统的用胡适先生提出的“大胆假设,小心求证”进行概括,是一个开拓求新与严谨求实的有机结合。求新是一个基于对客观现象或问题的深入思考和探究,挣破旧有理论束缚,大胆创新,对未解决的问题提出新的假设或解决的可能。而求实是一个尊重证据,对新的方法或理论严谨求证的过程。科学的进步离不开两者的相辅相成,“求新”和“求实”两大准则应该贯穿整个科研实践过程。

然而,求新和求实两大准则往往由于其抽象性很难得到严格界定。实际科研工作过程往往要求遵循一些实用性更强的原则。良好的科研思维对于一个科研工作者极为重要,而科研思维的形成需要一个基于一系列具体原则的较为长期的训练。本文提出一个科研思维与论文写作的“5C”原则,力求具体,力求实用,以期为年轻学者和在读博士生的科研思维训练和规范提供参考。

原则一】 Critical (评判性)

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IEEE计算机学会南京分会学术报告系列

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各位同仁:
IEEE CS Nanjing Chapter 5月18日13:30~15:40在南京大学蒙民伟楼404举行学术报告会,信息如下。欢迎参加!

报告一:

题目:Using Computers to Find Out the Truth

报告人:Professor Boi Faltings

ECCAI Fellow, Director of AI Lab

Faculty of Information and Communication Sciences

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

时间:5月18日 13:30-14:30

地点:蒙民伟楼404会议室

摘要:One of the major problems for decision makers today is that they are far removed from the details that are often crucial for the success of their plans. On the other hand, the people who know these details are often not likely to report them truthfully, as it is not in their best interest to do so. The anonymity afforded by computing systems can help in this situation. I present several approaches to eliciting truthful information, in particular scoring rules, peer prediction methods and opinion polls.

简介:Boi Faltings is a full professor of computer science and director of the AI lab. His main research contributions are in the area of qualitative and case-based reasoning, constraint programming, distributed problem-solving, and recommender systems. He has co-founded 6 companies in e-commerce and computer security and acted as advisor to several other companies world-wide. Prof. Faltings has published over 300 refereed papers and graduated over 25 Ph.D. students, several of which have won national and international awards. Boi Faltings is a fellow of the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence. He has served as head of the computer science department from 1996-1998 and as head of the Institute of Core Computing Sciences from 2005-2008. He serves or served as associate editor of several journals, in particular the AI Journal (2000-2008), JAIR (2004-2007), Annals of AI and Mathematics (2008-today), and as member of editorial boards (AI Communications, AI Magazine, Constraints, and others). He also regularly serves in conference committees (IJCAI, AAAI, ECAI, and others) and have been program (co-)chair of several workshops and conferences. He holds a Diploma from ETH Zurich and a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

报告二:

题目:User Experience and Technology Acceptance Issues in Recommender Systems

报告人:Dr. Pearl PU
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IEEE计算机学会南京分会学术报告系列

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IEEE CS Nanjing Chapter 5月10日15:30~16:30在南京大学蒙民伟楼404举行学术报告会,信息如下。欢迎参加!

题目:Transcriptome analysis for identifying stress-inducible microRNAs

报告人:Weixiong Zhang

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Genetics

Washington University in St. Louis

http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~zhang

时间:5月10日15:30-16:30

地点:蒙民伟楼404室

摘要:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~21nt non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Plant miRNAs regulate many genes that are involved in development and stress response. Although a large number of miRNAs have been identified and studied, most of them remain to be functionally annotated. Experimental functional analysis is laborious and costly. It is, therefore, desirable to develop computational approaches to support and complement experimental approaches for miRNA functional analysis. In this talk I will describe a novel, machine learning/datamining approach for identifying microRNA genes in plants that are responsive to environmental stresses. Our overall approach consists of a new computational method for identifying cis-regulatory DNA sequences (motifs) from the promoters of mRNA genes, a method for predicting core promoters of miRNA genes, a new transcriptome-based gene expression modeling method, and experimental verification of mature miRNAs and miRNA precursors. We applied our approach to study cold-responsive microRNA genes in Arabidospsis thaliana. We predicted nineteen individual microRNAs in twelve miRNA families to be up-regulated in Arabidopsis seedlings under cold stress. Our experimental validation showed that among the twelve microRNA families, eight were differentially induced by cold and three were constantly expressed under cold stimulus. A promoter analysis also showed that these cold-inducible microRNA genes contain many known stress-related cis-regulatory elements in their promoters. I will also discuss putative transcriptional down-regulation pathways triggered by the induction of these microRNA genes. Particularly, our result indicated that auxin signaling pathways in Arabidopsis seedlings may be mediated by many microRNAs.

简介:Weixiong Zhang is a professor of Computer Science and of Genetics at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. He received his B.S. and M.S. in computer engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science from University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Professor Zhang’s research interests include computational systems biology and genomics, artificial intelligence, data mining, and combinatorial optimization. He has published more than 100 papers in these areas and is the author of a research monograph, State-Space Search: Algorithms, Complexity, Extensions and Applications, published by Springer in 1999. He is currently associate editors of PLoS Computational Biology, J. Alzheimer’s Disease, Artificial Intelligence, and AI Communications – The European Journal on Artificial Intelligence.

IEEE计算机学会南京分会学术报告系列

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各位同仁:

IEEE CS Nanjing Chapter 5月4日16:00~17:00在南京大学蒙民伟楼404举行学术报告会,信息如下。欢迎参加!

Bayesian Ying-Yang System, Best Harmony Learning, and Five Action Circling

LEI XU

Proposed in 1995 and systematically developed over fifteen years, Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY)  learning is a statistical approach for an intelligent system via two complementary Bayesian representations of a joint distribution on the external observation X and its inner representation R, called BYY system. A Ying-Yang best harmony principle is proposed for learning all the unknowns in the system, in help of an implementation featured by a five action circling.  BYY learning provides not only a general framework that accommodates typical learning approaches from a unified perspective but also a new road that leads to improved model selection criteria, automatic model selection during learning, and coordinated implementation of Ying based model selection and Yang based learning regularization. This talk introduces BYY learning principles, implementing techniques, and typical learning algorithms, in a comparison with other algorithms, particularly with the EM algorithm as a benchmark. These algorithms are summarized in a unified Ying-Yang alternation procedure with major parts in a same expression while differences simply characterized by few options.

Lei Xu, chair professor of Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Chang Jiang Chair Professor of Peking Univ, IEEE Fellow (2001-) and Fellow of International Association for Pattern Recognition (2002-), and Academician of European Academy of Sciences (2002-).  He completed his Ph.D thesis at Tsinghua Univ by the end of 1986, then joined Dept. Math, Peking Univ in 1987 first as a postdoc and then exceptionally promoted to associate professor in 1988 and to a full professor in 1992. During 1989-93 he worked at several universities in Finland, Canada and USA, including Harvard and MIT. He joined CUHK in 1993 as senior lecturer, as  professor in 1996 and chair professor in 2002. He has published a number of well-cited papers on neural networks, statistical learning, and pattern recognition, e.g., his papers got over 3200 citations according to SCI and over 5500 citations according to Google Scholar (GS), with the first 10 papers scored over 2000 (SCI) and 3600 (GS). One single paper has scored 750 (SCI) and 1211 (GS). He served as associate editor for several journals, past governor of international neural network society (INNS), a past president of APNNA, and a member of Fellow committee of IEEE CI Society. Also, he has received several national and international academic awards  (e.g., 1993 National Nature Science Award, 1995 INNS Leadership Award and 2006 APNNA Outstanding Achievement Award).

电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)中文网站http://cn.ieee.org今天正式发布!

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据本人刚刚收到的消息 :)

电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)中文网站http://cn.ieee.org今天正式发布!

1984年IEEE在中国成立了首个分会-北京分会-并拥有100名会员。今天,IEEE在中国已经有超过5000名会员,7个分会,3个支分会,1个联合会和1个代表处,在中国的影响力不断扩大,并成为中国工程师和全球科技团体沟通和交流的纽带和桥梁。

IEEE中文网站的成立标志着IEEE为中国会员的服务提升至一个新的台阶。在这里,我们将为您提供IEEE的最新咨询,会议信息,中国境内活动,会员专享服务等等。我们会继续努力,也坚信我们的会员,为了人类美好明天而不断创新。

感谢加入我们一起庆祝IEEE中文网站的成立!欲知更多网站内容,敬请访问http://cn.ieee.org

此致

IEEE中国代表处

2010年3月22日

Dear IEEE Members:

IEEE Chinese Website http://cn.ieee.org Announcement today!

IEEE formed its first Chinese Section-Beijing Section-in 1984 with barely 100 members. Today, IEEE has more than 5,000 members, seven sections, three sub-sections, one council and one representative office. IEEE has expanded its efforts to establish links between China’s engineers and the global technical community.

The Establishment of IEEE Chinese website indicates IEEE membership services for the Chinese to upgrade to a new level. Here we are providing IEEE news, conference information, activities in China and China’s exclusive membership services. As we move forward, we are confident that our members will continue to innovate in the service of mankind.

Thank you for joining with us to celebrate Chinese website announcement! For more information, please visit http://cn.ieee.org .

Sincerely,

IEEE China office

March 22, 2010

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